The Sun is a dynamic, complex system, full of interesting and important features. These kinds of features can be modeled in various ways, such as with Non-Linear Force-Free Field (NLFFF) models. In this paper, NLFFF simulations are built. The intention is to estimate spatial patterns of the magnetic field in the solar chromosphere and corona and changes in the free energy in the system, in particular losses of energy as a result of solar eruptions. Most existing models have a temporal cadence of 12 minutes at best (that is, the situation is simulated every 12 minutes). The method discussed in this paper makes various approximations but it aims to achieve a temporal cadence of 45 seconds. The method used is found to successfully simulate synthetic data, and when dealing with real data, it produces images which frequently correspond well to observations. Several reductions in the free energy of the system are seen, corresponding to observed eruptions.

Yn y casgliad hwn ceir cyflwyniadau o Gynhadledd Ryngwladol y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, 1-3 Gorffennaf 2014. 'Pa le i'n hiaith mewn Addysg Uwch?' oedd thema'r gynhadledd ac mae'r cyflwyniadau'n ymwneud yn bennaf â pholisi iaith ac addysg yng Nghymru ac Ewrop.

Forty years of research into reading has elucidated many of the psychological processes underpinning the reading process, but until recently, the cognitive underpinnings of fluency have been relatively unknown. In this review, a description is provided of reading fluency as a cognitive and neurobiological phenomenon, including the research that has gone into understanding this process. My own and my colleagues’ work has focused heavily on this area, and I outline our main findings to date. I end by outlining the implications of this work for our understanding of reading fluency in normally developed and dyslexic adults.

Detholiad o waith Max Weber yn ei eiriau ei hun wedi eu cyfieithu i'r Gymraeg. Weber oedd un o brif sylfaenwyr cymdeithaseg fodern a llywiodd ei ddull gweithio newydd 'Verstehen', sef dull deongliadol neu gyfranogol o astudio ffenomena gymdeithasol, y maes. Rhoddodd Weber bwyslais ar ddeall yr ystyr a phwrpas mae unigolyn yn ei roi i'w weithredoedd ei hun.

Detholiad o waith Karl Marx yn ei eiriau ei hun wedi eu cyfieithu i'r Gymraeg. Yma ceir disgrifiadau gan Marx ar wahanol fathau o gymdeithas, e.e. cymdeithasau cyntefig, ffiwdal, cyfalafol. Dyfynnir o gyhoeddiadau megis Y Teulu Sanctaidd, Yr Ideoleg Almaenaidd a Maniffesto'r Blaid Gomiwnyddol.

Datblygwyd y llawlyfr ar-lein yma gan Brifysgol Cymru: Y Drindod Dewi Sant. Mae’n cyflwyno a thrafod prif elfennau creadigrwydd yn yr ysgol gynradd ar gyfer ymarferwyr y Cyfnod Sylfaen a Chyfnod Allweddol 2. Mae’r llawlyfr yn ymateb i ddatblygiadau polisi Llywodraeth Cynlluniad Cymru ac yn cynnig arweiniad ar sut i baratoi, creu, cynllunio, datblygu, trefnu ac asesu gweithgareddau dysgu ‘creadigedd’ o ansawdd uchel.

Yr Athro Syr Deian Hopkin yn siarad â myfyrwyr ar 20 Mawrth 2014 ynglŷn â sut i goffáu’r Rhyfel Mawr yng Nghymru yn ystod canmlwyddiant dechrau'r rhyfel.

Cynan (Albert Evans-Jones, 1895-1970) was one of the most prominent Establishment figures in Wales for a large part of the twentieth-century. He served as Archdruid twice and played a crucial role in the controversial decision by the Gorsedd of Bards to take part in the Investiture ceremony of Prince Charles in Caernarfon castle on 1 July 1969. He was also one of the authors of the National Eisteddfod’s Welsh-language Rule, a policy which he supported firmly during his period as President of the Eisteddfod Court towards the end of his life. In contrast, Dafydd Iwan was one of the main leaders of the Welsh Language Society, the protest group that adopted radical campaigning tactics during the 1960s. In this article, the clash between Cynan and Dafydd Iwan is seen as one representing a struggle about the very definition of Welshness at the time.

In 1987, the artist Cliff McLucas was working at Ysgol Gyfun Ddwyieithog Dyffryn Teifi on a project titled ‘The Dyfed Media Residency’. As part of his work, he created a series of portraits of teachers and related staff using the technique of photographic collage. Amongst these pictures is a portrait of the school’s English teacher at the time, the politician and Welsh-language activist, Cynog Dafis. I propose a close reading of this portrait that centres on Dafis’ public political career in the context of McLucas’ own life experience. McLucas moved from Scotland to Tregroes, Ceredigion, in 1973. At the same time he learnt Welsh. McLucas’s portrait will be discussed in terms of a self-conscious response to his presence as an incomer in Ceredigion whilst facing a member of the intellectual elite of his host culture. In conclusion, a relationship between McLucas’ portrait of Dafis and Sidney Vosper Curnow’s painting from 1908, ‘Salem’, will be suggested. At the end of the article, a short post-script relates the discussion of McLucas’ portrait of Dafis to contemporary issues of in-migration and out-migration in and from rural areas of Wales.

This collection of essays by contemporary artists living and working in Wales gives potential Art and Design students an insight into how some of our artists discovered their creativity through education and effort during their careers. 

Casgliad o sgyrsiau rhwng Saunders Lewis ac awduron straeon byrion yn 1947-8, cyfnod pwysig yn natblygiad y stori fer Gymraeg. Ceir darlun drwy'r sgyrsio o fywydau'r llenorion, y gymdeithas oedd yn ysbrydoliaeth i'w llên a'r hyn a'u hysgogodd i ysgrifennu.

Historic coal mining and the associated processes have had a detrimental effect on the natural environment in the south Wales coalfield as contaminated mine drainage from abandoned mines discharges into the local hydrological system. The legacy of coal mining includes the discharge of contaminated mine drainage from several abandoned mines and the formation of insoluble iron minerals. This article discusses the underground processes that lead to the formation of contaminated water and iron minerals. Four abandoned coal mines located in the western part of the coal field and the remediation systems operational at these sites were investigated. Contaminated mine waters at these sites are being remediated through the removal of iron so that the final concentrations are in line with those recommended by the Water Framework Directive.