Araith a draddodwyd gan yr athronydd J. R. Jones yn Eisteddfod y Barri 1968 yn trafod y Cymry Cymraeg fel pobl a'u hawydd i oroesi.

Lenin oedd y gwleidydd cyntaf mewn unrhyw wlad i greu chwyldro ar sail egwyddorion Karl Marx. Ai llwyddiant ai methiant fu'r hyn a gyflawnodd ef rhwng 1917 a'i farw ym 1924? Cyn y gellir gosod llinyn mesur ar yr hyn a wnaeth, y mae angen deall yr amgylchiadau y digwyddodd y Chwyldro Comiwnyddol ynddynt, amgylchiadau a oedd yn bur wahanol i'r rhai lle disgwyliasai Marx weld gweithredu ei syniadau. Disgrifir yn y gyfrol hon gyflwr pethau yn Rwsia cyn y Chwyldro, gan amlinellu'n gryno ddatblygiad y gymdeithas a'i sefydliadau. Eir ymlaen i roi braslun o yrfa gyffrous Lenin ac olrheinir rhediad ei syniadau wrth iddo ymlafnio i droi dadansoddiad Marx yn rhaglen o weithredu ymarferol.

Cyfrifir Ludwig Wittgenstein gan lawer yn athrylith hynotaf yr ugeinfed ganrif mewn athroniaeth. Y mae hefyd yn unigryw yn ei faes gan iddo greu nid un athroniaeth ond dwy, y ddwy yn wreiddiol, dylanwadol a gwrthgyferbyniol. Ceisir yn y gyfrol hon esbonio mewn iaith seml ei ddau safbwynt sydd i'w gweld yn Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus ac yn yr Ymchwiliadau Athronyddol.

With the publication of its Welsh-medium Education Strategy in April 2010, the Welsh Assembly Government recognised the leading role of Welsh-medium education in the field of bilingual education throughout Europe and the world during the last fifty years. As the system further develops with increasing numbers of pupils choosing bilingual education in Wales, it is emphasised that it is important to be aware of the patterns and models available in other bilingual communities that successfully integrate bilingualism or multilingualism into their provision so that we can understand their relevance to our particular situation in Wales. This article gives an overview of the most recent developments in bilingual education in an international context and considers the important issues that emerge as this type of education continues to develop to cater for the needs of pupils in bilingual and multilingual communities throughout the world in the twenty-first century.

Trafodaeth gan yr athronydd J. R. Jones am hunaniaeth y Cymry Cymraeg a'u perthynas â Phrydain a Phrydeindod.

Welsh-medium education has long been seen as an effective language planning tool in order to transmit the Welsh language in Wales. According to the 2001 Census, there has been a substantial increase in the numbers of Welsh speakers 3–15 years old, especially in south–east Wales, since the 1991 Census. The aim of this paper is to elaborate upon this quantitative data by providing qualitative data with regard to the main reasons and incentives for parents to choose this educational option for their children. The study location is Cwm Rhymni, Caerffili county. A combination of quantitative questionnaires and qualitative in-depth interviews were administered amongst parents from the meithrin, primary and secondary school sectors in Cwm Rhymni. The reasons why parents choose this educational system for their children were cultural, educational, economic and personal. However, it is pertinent to note from the outset, that the parents chose Welsh-medium education for their children in this area for mainly cultural reasons, rather than economic reasons which featured heavily in past studies such as research by Williams et al. (1978) on bilingual education in the Rhondda. This study is the first in a larger corpus of work and one that hopes to address the existing lacunae in the Sociology of Language in Wales, especially as there is a lack of Sociology of Language studies through the medium of Welsh in Wales.

The Welsh Assembly Government will introduce a system of presumed consent for organ donation in 2015. According to this scheme, if adults in Wales have not expressed their opposition to the use of their organs after their death, and in the absence of opposition from their families, permission to use their organs will be presumed by the authorities. According to the present system, the onus is on the individual to register as a donor, but if this new scheme is implemented, it will be the responsibility of the individual to deregister as a donor. This essay is a legal and ethical evaluation of the proposed changes.

This article considers the out-migration of young people from the Welsh-speaking heartlands in terms of their aspirations and hopes for the future. The original doctoral research (2014), is based on Hywel Jones’ (2010) work, which argues that young people born outside of Wales are four times more likely to migrate from Wales than young people born here. The research attempts to establish the main factors that affect rates of out-migration among young people born outside of Wales and those born into non-native families. The article concludes that the main drivers of rates of out-migration among this group are factors such as sense of belonging and the extent of community integration, rather than solely economic factors. In particular, it examines how culture, nationality, and considerations pertaining to the Welsh language have an impact on this trend, which has important implications in terms of the linguistic retention of the ‘traditional’ Welsh speaking areas.

‘D.J. a fi’ draws on aspects of the work of Welsh author D.J. Williams and examines their potential to inspire the creation and inform the analysis of contemporary site-specific performance. Williams’s memoir, The Old Farmhouse, provides unique insights into the landscape of childhood, the located nature of memory, the dramaturgy of storytelling and the role of the teller. The author employs these insights to develop and suggest a number of practical and theoretical approaches to the use of biography, family history, domestic architecture and local knowledge in devised performance.

Referring extensively to his own work, ‘Bubbling Tom’ (2000), a peripatetic solo performance staged in the village of his own upbringing in rural Lincolnshire: a guided tour of the places he knew at the age of seven – he discusses the importance of Williams’s work in inspiring dramatic forms that seek to reveal the grain of experience by addressing the intimate and familiar, the details of everyday life and its fabric.

Health services offer a privileged space to define the proper relationship of the citizen and the modern state. Individuals have been expected to make choices in health care in Wales and England since the 1980s. A new vaccine against some types of cervical cancer was recently introduced for girls. Parents are expected to consent on behalf of their daughters. This paper reports the results of the largest qualitative study in this area world-wide. It depicts attitudes to health care choice and discusses parents’ experiences of consenting or not. Parents’ decisional strategies in the face of uncertainty are analysed. Consequences of the study relate to the individuals’ relationship with the Welsh National Health Service (NHS) and to developing a concept of Welsh citizenship.

Trafodaeth gan yr athronydd Cymreig, J. R. Jones, ar hunaniaeth y Cymry a pherthynas hynny gyda'r iaith Gymraeg, ei dirywiad a'r pwysau i gymhathu â'r diwylliant Prydeinig. Cyhoeddwyd hefyd fel rhan o gyfrol

This article focuses on the effects of music on sufferers of dementia as a means of communicating through familiar songs within a Welsh context. The fieldwork is based on the author’s experience singing to the accompaniment of the Celtic harp at an assessment unit for dementia and at resident homes for the elderly on the Llŷn Peninsula during the Summer of 2010 and presents insights gained from observing patients recalling familiar songs when conversation was difficult. On this basis, the article examines the way in which music can assist patients who suffer from this condition, describing and analysing the results.